Collagen supplements can improve skin elasticity and hydration when taken consistently, but they do not eliminate wrinkles, according to the most comprehensive scientific review yet of the popular beauty product.
Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) in England analysed evidence from 16 systematic reviews covering 113 randomised controlled trials and nearly 8,000 participants worldwide.
Their umbrella review, published in the Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, concluded that while collagen offers “legitimate” benefits for skin quality, it should not be marketed as a quick fix for ageing.
What Is Collagen?
Collagen is the body’s most abundant protein, providing structure and elasticity to skin, bones, cartilage and connective tissues. It also plays a role in blood clotting and organ protection.
Natural production declines from early adulthood, with smoking, sun exposure and menopause accelerating the loss. Women can lose up to a third of their skin’s collagen around menopause, the researchers noted.
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Findings on Skin Health
The ARU team found consistent evidence that daily collagen supplementation improves skin hydration and elasticity over time. However, the review showed no convincing effect on wrinkles or skin roughness, despite widespread marketing claims.
Dr Roxana Shirazi, a dermatologist at VCU Health in Virginia, said:
“The strongest evidence was for improvements in skin elasticity and hydration, and the authors rated that evidence as high certainty. That’s significant, because declining elasticity is one of the main drivers of visible skin ageing. That said, collagen is not a wrinkle eraser.”
Beyond Skin
The review also points out benefits for musculoskeletal health, particularly in people with osteoarthritis, where collagen was linked to reduced joint pain and stiffness. Evidence for oral health and cardiometabolic outcomes, such as cholesterol and blood sugar, was mixed and less conclusive.
Resetting Expectations
Researchers concluded that collagen supports an “inside-out” model of skin rejuvenation, acting on deeper tissue rather than surface lines. Shirazi added that while collagen can play a supportive role, it should not replace proven anti-ageing strategies such as sunscreen and topical retinoids.
Collagen has become a staple of the wellness industry, often stirred into coffees or juices, but the review suggests consumers should temper expectations.
Supplements may help maintain skin quality, but they are no substitute for the fundamentals of good skincare.